In the mid-16th century, and for the first time in history, an empire deeply questioned where its own rights–those of the victor–end, and where the rights of others–those of the vanquished–begin. Bartolomé de las Casas and Ginés de Sepúlveda defend two historically antagonistic positions and debate on the natural rights of Native Americans. Almost 500 years later, a small group of experts analyzes what is considered the first debate on Human Rights in History.